Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2

From Sega Retro

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THPS2 title.png

Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2
System(s): Sega Dreamcast
Publisher: Activision
Developer:
Licensor: Marvel Characters
Peripherals supported: Jump Pack, Visual Memory Unit, Dreamcast VGA Box
Genre: Sports (skateboarding)

















Number of players: 1-2
Official in-game languages:
  • English
  • Deutsch
  • Release Date RRP Code
    Sega Dreamcast
    US
    $44.9544.95[2] T-13006N
    ESRB: Teen
    Sega Dreamcast
    DE
    T-13008D-18
    USK: 6
    Sega Dreamcast
    ES
    T-13008D-60
    ELSPA: 3+ OK
    Sega Dreamcast
    FR
    T-13008D-09
    SELL: Tous Publics
    Sega Dreamcast
    UK
    £39.9939.99[7][5] T-13008D-05
    ELSPA: 3+ OK
    Sega Dreamcast
    ES/IT
    T-13008D-60
    ELSPA: 3+ OK
    Sega Dreamcast
    AU
    OFLC: G8
    Non-Sega versions

    This teeny-tiny article needs some work. You can help us by expanding it.


    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 is the sequel to Tony Hawk's Pro Skater. It was released among other consoles for the Sega Dreamcast.

    Gameplay

    Skaters

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Tony Hawk.png

    Tony Hawk

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Bob Burnquist.png

    Bob Burnquist

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Steve Caballero.png

    Steve Caballero

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Kareem Campbell.png

    Kareem Campbell

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Rune Glifberg.png

    Rune Glifberg

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Eric Koston.png

    Eric Koston

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Bucky Lasek.png

    Bucky Lasek

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Rodney Mullen.png

    Rodney Mullen

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Chad Muska.png

    Chad Muska

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Andrew Reynolds.png

    Andrew Reynolds

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Geoff Rowley.png

    Geoff Rowley

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Elissa Steamer.png

    Elissa Steamer

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 DC, Skaters, Jamie Thomas.png

    Jamie Thomas

    Notavailable.svg

    Officer Dick
    Unlockable.

    Notavailable.svg

    Spider-Man
    Unlockable. Spider-Man is included in the game as a cross-promotion for the Dreamcast Spider-Man game, also published by Activision. Neversoft were developing that game around the same time as Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (and Treyarch would port it to the Dreamcast).

    Notavailable.svg

    Trixie
    Unlockable.

    Courses

    Notavailable.svg

    The Hangar: Mullet Falls, Montana

    Notavailable.svg

    School 2: Southern California

    Notavailable.svg

    Contest 1: Marseille, France

    Notavailable.svg

    The Big Apple: New York City, New York

    Notavailable.svg

    The Graffiti Pits: Venice Beach, California

    Notavailable.svg

    Contest 2: Skatestreet: Ventura, California

    Notavailable.svg

    Phillyside: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

    Notavailable.svg

    Contest 3: The Bullring, Mexico

    Notavailable.svg

    Chopper Drop, Hawaii
    Unlockable.

    Notavailable.svg

    Skate Heaven, Outer Space
    Unlockable.

    Production credits

    Treyarch Credits
    • Lead Programmer: James Fristrom
    • Art Director: Christian Busic
    • Programmers: Christopher B. Baker, 'Aouie' Srini Lakshmanan
    • Artists: Miranda Collins, Joerg T. Fiederer, Paul Whitehead
    • Producer: Gregory John
    • Executive Producer: Don Likeness
    • Additional Programming by: Sean Palmer, Matthias Schill
    • Additional Character Models by: Arnold Agraviador
    • Sound Support by: Sergio Bustamante II
    • Testers: Matthew O. Johnson III, Roberto Sanchez, Brian Tuley
    • Special Thanks to: Dr. Peter Akemann, Eric Steinmann, Keith Arem, Doris Argoud, Christopher A. Busse, Tiffany A. Tolman, Kevin Tomatani, Rose Villasenor, Michael Wikan, Gina Shaw, Cathy Pascual, Drs. James and Dianne Fristrom, Corina Kramer, Jeff Emery, Mom & Dad
    • Designed and Developed by: NeverSoft
    • Never-Ever-Soft Skate Team: Aaron Cammarata, Ralph D'Amato, Noel Hines, Gary Jesdanun, Joel Jewett, Ryan McMahon, Nolan Nelson, Johnny Ow, Scott Pease, Silvio Porretta, Chris Rausch, Junki Saita, Darren Thorne, Jason Uyeda, Mick West
    • Assisted by: Jeremy Andersen, Dave Cowling, Lisa Davies, Edwin Fong, Chris Glenn, Kendall Harrison, Sandy Jewett, Jason Keeney, Mark L. Scott, Aaron Skillman, Chris Ward, Logan, Maddie
    • NeverSoft Thanks: Jamie Briant, Mark Burton, Peter Day, Matt Duncan, Chad Findley, Alan Flores, Steve Ganem, Brian Jennings, Kevin Mulhall, Everyone at SkateStreet, The Delphi Board Crew, Everyone who e-mailed us
    Activision Credits
    • Published by: Activision, Inc.
    • Executive Producer: Dave Stohl
    • Producer: Nicole Willick
    • Associate Producer: Stacey Drellishak
    • Sound Effects and Dialog Engineering: Keith Arem, PCB Productions
    • Music Supervision: Sonic Fusion
    • Video Editing and Compression: Christopher Hepburn
    • Intro Movie: Larry Paolicelli
    • Additional Music by: Brian Bright, Keith Arem, Matt Duncan, Keith Prokop, Aaron Julin, Aaron Cammarata
    • Voice Talent: Dave Wittenberg, Perry Zombolas, Elissa Steamer, Chris Rausch, Ralph D'Amato, Joel Jewett, Silvio Porretta
    • Skateboard Talent: Tim Bruns
    Recorded on location at Skate Street USA and Venice Beach, California, PCB Studios, and Neversoft.
    Activision Quality Assurance
    • QA Director: Jim Summers
    • QA Manager, Console Testing: Joe Favazza
    • QA Senior Lead: Joe Favazza
    • Project Lead: Alex "GMS" Coleman
    • Floor Lead/Database Manager: Jairo "Lobo" Silva
    • QA Testers: Geoffrey "Grim" Olsen, Ian "I don't have a nickname" Moreno, Lee "Tiny" Casady, Halo "Jon" Mauch, Eric "ZRATH" Bitton, Doug Mirabello, Adrian "AJ" Giovannone, Kurt Gutierrez, Pat "PatofNBK" Bowman, Jef "I Hate Hockey" Sedivy, John "Ball Game" Rosser, Gene Neiman
    Customer Support
    • Customer Support Manager: Bob McPherson
    • Customer Support Leads: Rob Lim, Gary Bolduc, Mike Hill
    • QA Special Thanks: Eric Zala, Tanya Langston, Willie Bolton, Indra Gunawan, Jason Wong, Sam Nouriani, Nicholas Favazza, Ben Lance Deguzman Jr., Tim Vanlaw, Glenn "Jester" Vistante, David Olsen
    Activision Studios
    • Exec VP Worldwide Studios: Larry Goldberg
    • Senior VP Studios: Steve Crane
    Activision Marketing, PR, and Creative Services
    • Exec VP Global Brand Management: Kathy Vrabeck
    • Director of Global Brand Management: Will Kassoy
    • Global Brand Manager: David Pokress
    • Associate Brand Manager: Serene Chan
    • Senior PR Manager: Julia Roether
    • VP of Creative Services: Denise Walsh
    • Creative Agency: McElroy: FCB
    • Business Affairs: George Rose, Michael Hand, Rob Pfau, Michael Larson
    Activision Europe
    • Senior VP International: Scott Dodkins
    • Group Marketing Manager: Michele Marchand
    • European Product Management Team: Tim Woodley (UK), Guillaume Lairan (France), Christian Streil (Germany)
    • Localization Supervisor: Nathalie Dove
    • Video Footage Courtesy of: 411 Video Magazine, Bill Weiss, Dwindle Distribution, Geoff Rowley, Jamie Thomas, Jared Prindle, Jay Strickland, Sole Technologies, Skate One Corp, Socrates Leal, Tony Hawk, Ty Evans
    • Special Thanks to: Cayetano Ferrer, Adam Goldberg, Brian Bright, Brian Clarke, Bryant Bustamante, Chris Archer, Dan Atkins, Gene Bahng, Jay Halderman, Jeff Poffenbarger, Joe Shackelford, Marc Turndorf, Marlena Morini, Mike Fletcher, Murali Tegulapalle, Talmadge Morning, Todd Jefferson, Max Crane, Dave Bullock
    • Thanks to Our Sponsors: 411 Video Magazine, Adio, Airwalk, Alphanumeric, A-Team, Axion, Billabong, Birdhouse, Blue Torch, Board-X, Brooklyn House West, Circa, City Stars, Dark Star, Diakka, Emerica, Es, Etnies, Flip, Four Star, Fury, Ghetto Child, Girl, Hurley, Independent Truck Co., Innes, Krux, Matix, MCM, Monster Brand, Oakley, Powell - Bones Brigade, Quiksilver, Red Dragon, Ricta, Royal, Shorty's, Skate Street, Skatepark of Tampa, Speed Demon, Tensor, The Firm, Toy Machine, TSA, venicebeach.com, Volcom, Zero
    Source:
    US manual
    Error creating thumbnail: /bin/bash: line 1: /usr/bin/gs: Permission denied convert: no decode delegate for this image format `' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/587. convert: no images defined `/home/sonicret/domains/segaretro.org/public_html/images/temp/transform_720b5ef7bc28.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3229.
    [13]

    "Blood Brothers"
    performed by PAPA ROACH
    written by Jacoby Shaddix, Jerry Horton, Tobin Esperance, Dave Buckner
    published by DreamWorks Songs (ASCAP) and Viva La Cucaracha (ASCAP)
    administered by Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc.
    (p) 2000 SKG Music L.L.C. Courtesy of DreamWorks Records, Under license from Universal Music Enterprises
    from the album Infest
    www.paparoach.com;
    www.dreamworksrecords.com
    "Bring The Noise"
    performed by ANTHRAX & CHUCK D
    written by Carlton Ridenhour, Hank Shocklee, Eric Sadler, Charlie Benante, Frank Bello, Dan Spitz, Joe Bellardini, Scott Rosenfeld
    published by Reach Music (BMI)/Songs of Universal, Inc. (BMI)/ NFP Music
    administered by Zomba Enterprises, Inc. (ASCAP)
    (p) 1991 Island Records, Inc. Courtesy of The Island Def Jam Music Group Under license from Universal Music Enterprises
    from the album Attack of The Killer B's
    "Guerilla Radio"
    performed by RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE
    written by Zack De Rocha, Tim Commerford, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk
    published by Sony/ATV Songs LLC/Retribution Music (BMI)
    (p) 1999 Courtesy of Epic Records By arrangement with Sony Music New Media Licensing
    from the album The Battle of Los Angeles
    www.RATM.com
    "Pin The Tail On The Donkey"
    performed by NAUGHTY BY NATURE
    written by Vincent Brown, K. Gist, Anthony Criss
    published by T-Boy Music L.L.C./Naughty Music (ASCAP)
    (p) 1991 Courtesy of Tommy Boy Music
    from the album Naughty By Nature
    www.tommyboy.com
    "You"
    performed by BAD RELIGION
    written by Brett Gurewitz
    published by Westbeach Music (BMI)
    (p) 1989 Epitaph Courtesy of Epitaph
    from the album No Control
    www.badreligion.com; www.epitaph.com
    "When Worlds Collide"
    performed by POWERMAN 5000
    music by Powerman 5000, lyrics by Spider
    published by Dreamworks Songs (ASCAP)/Soulsuck Music (ASCAP)
    administered by Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc. (ASCAP)
    (p)1999 SKG Music L.L.C. Courtesy of DreamWorks Records under license from Universal Music Enterprises
    from the album Tonight The Stars Revolt!
    www.powerman5000.com;
    www.dreamworksrecords.com
    "No Cigar"
    performed by MILLENCOLIN
    written by Erik Ohlsson, Mathias Farm, Fredrik Larzon, Nikola Sarcevic
    published by Chrysalis Music (ASCAP)
    (p) 2000 Burning Heart Records Courtesy of Epitaph/Burning Heart Records
    From the album Pennybridge Pioneers
    www.millencolin.com; www.epitaph.com;
    www.burningheart.com
    "B-Boy Document '99"
    performed by THE HIGH & MIGHTY FEATURING MOS DEF & MAD SKILLZ
    written by E. Meltzer, D. Lewis, D. Smith, M. Berger, B. Baker, L. Quinn, J. Thomas
    published by Eonic Verbal Tunes, 1972unes, Budde Music, Inc. and Figs. D Music, Inc. c/o The Bicycle Music Company (BMI)/Forever People (ASCAP)/Medina Sound Music (BMI)
    administered by EMI Music Group, Alotagood Music (ASCAP)
    administered by Next Decade Entertainment, Inc.
    (p) 1999 Rawkus Entertainment Courtesy of Rawkus Records
    from the album Home Field Advantage
    www.rawkus.com
    "Cyclone"
    performed by DUB PISTOLS
    written by Jason 0'Bryan, T.K. Lawrence, Barry Ashworth & Tommy McCook
    published by Bug Music Inc. o/b/o Lowtech Music (ASCAP) and Bug Music Ltd.(PRS)/BMG Songs, Inc. 0/b/o Deconstruction Songs, Ltd. (ASCAP)/Copyright Control
    (p) 1998 Deconstruction Ltd., Courtesy of 1500 Records, Under license from Universal Music Enterprises
    from the album Point Blank
    "May 16"
    performed by LAGWAGON
    written by Joseph Cape
    published by Stokin' The Neighbors (ASCAP)
    (p)1998 Fat Wreck Chords courtesy of Fat Wreck Chords
    from the album Let's Talk About Feelings
    www.lagwagon.com; www.fatwreck.com
    "Subculture"
    performed by STYLES OF BEYOND
    written by R. Maginn, T. Bashir, M. Safiyullah
    published by Divine Lyric Creations (ASCAP)
    (p)2000 Styles of Beyond courtesy of 9000 Series Team/Spytech Records
    www.spytechrecords.com
    "Heavy Metal Winner"
    performed by CONSUMED
    written by Consumed, arranged by Steve Ford
    copyright control, all rights reserved
    (p) 1998 Fat Wreck Chords Courtesy of Fat Wreck Chords
    from the album Breakfast At Pappa's
    www.fatwreck.com
    "Evil Eye"
    performed by FU MANCHU
    written by Scott Hill, Brad Davis, Brant Bjork, Bob Balch
    published by Strolling Astronomer Music (ASCAP)
    (p) 1997 Mammoth Records Courtesy of Mammoth Records
    from the album The Action Is Go
    www.fu-manchu.com; www.mammoth.com
    "Out With The Old"
    performed by ALLEY LIFE FEATURING BLACK PLANET
    written by M. Mitchell, M. Bass, J. Bass
    published by Eight Mile Style (BMI)
    (p) 1999 Alley Life Courtesy of WEB Entertainment
    from the album Alley Life
    www.farmclub.com; www.batmanagement.com
    "Five Lessons Learned"
    performed by SWINGIN' UTTERS
    written by Koski/ Aust Koski
    published by Hamachi Music/Maioda Huboko Music (ASCAP)
    (p) 1998 Fat Wreck Chords Courtesy of Fat Wreck Chords
    from the album Five Lessons Learned
    www.fatwreck.com
    "City Star"
    performed by BORN ALLAH
    written by Born Allah
    published by City Star Entertainment/copyright control (P) 2000 courtesy of Born Allah/Kareem Campbell
    Source:
    US manual
    Error creating thumbnail: /bin/bash: line 1: /usr/bin/gs: Permission denied convert: no decode delegate for this image format `' @ error/constitute.c/ReadImage/587. convert: no images defined `/home/sonicret/domains/segaretro.org/public_html/images/temp/transform_e5456829f1f5.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3229.
    [14]

    Magazine articles

    Main article: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2/Magazine articles.

    Promotional material

    Logo-pdf.svg
    Print advert in GamePro (US) #145: "October 2000" (2000-xx-xx)
    Logo-pdf.svg
    Logo-pdf.svg
    Print advert in GamePro (US) #150: "March 2001" (2001-0x-xx)
    Logo-pdf.svg

    Physical scans

    Sega Retro Average 
    Publication Score Source
    {{{{{icon}}}|L}} Division by zero.
    Based on
    0 review
    Sega Retro Average 
    Publication Version Score
    576 Konzol (HU)
    80
    [15]
    Click! (PL)
    80
    [16]
    Consoles + (FR) PAL
    94
    [17]
    Dreamcast Monthly (UK) PAL
    90
    [18]
    DC-UK (UK) PAL
    90
    [5]
    Dreamcast Magazine (UK) PAL
    96
    [19]
    Electronic Gaming Monthly (US) NTSC-U
    100
    [20]
    Fun Generation (DE) PAL
    94
    [21]
    GameFan (US) NTSC-U
    93
    [22]
    GamePro (US) NTSC-U
    98
    [23]
    Gamers' Republic (US) NTSC-U
    100
    [24]
    MAN!AC (DE) PAL
    88
    [25]
    Neo Plus (PL)
    90
    [26]
    Official Dreamcast Magazine (UK) PAL
    90
    [27]
    Official Dreamcast Magazine (US) NTSC-U
    100
    [28]
    Playbox (FR)
    94
    [29]
    Play (PL)
    87
    [30]
    Play (PL)
    98
    [31]
    PSX Extreme (PL)
    90
    [32]
    Revista Oficial Dreamcast (ES) PAL
    90
    [33]
    SuperGamePower (BR)
    95
    [34]
    Strana Igr (RU)
    83
    [35]
    Video Games (DE) PAL
    94
    [36]
    Sega Dreamcast
    92
    Based on
    23 reviews

    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2

    Dreamcast, US
    THPS2 DC US Box Back.jpgTHPS2 DC US Box Front.jpg
    Cover
    THPS2 US disc.jpg
    Disc
    THPS2 DC US Manual.pdf
    Manual
    THPS2DCUSInlay.jpg
    Inlay
    Dreamcast, UK
    THPS2 DC UK Box Back.jpgTHPS2 DC UK Box Front.jpg
    Cover
    THPS2 DC UK disc.jpg
    Disc
    Dreamcast, DE
    THPS2 DC DE Box Back.jpgTHPS2 DC DE Box Front.jpg
    Cover
    THPS2 DC DE Disc.jpg
    Disc
    Dreamcast, FR
    TonyHawk2 DC FR back.jpgNospine-small.pngTonyHawk2 DC FR front.jpg
    Cover
    Dreamcast, IT/ES
    TonyHawk2 DC 60 back.jpgNospine-small.pngTonyHawk2 DC 60 front.jpg
    Cover
    Dreamcast, AU
    TonyHawk2 DC AU front.jpg
    Cover
    THPS2 DC UK disc.jpg
    Disc

    Technical information

    Main article: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2/Technical information.

    ROM dump status

    System Hash Size Build Date Source Comments
    Sega Dreamcast
     ?
    CRC32
    MD5
    SHA-1
    GD-ROM (US)
    Sega Dreamcast
     ?
    CRC32
    MD5
    SHA-1
    GD-ROM (EU)
    Sega Dreamcast
     ?
    CRC32
    MD5
    SHA-1
    GD-ROM (DE)
    Sega Dreamcast
     ?
    CRC32
    MD5
    SHA-1
    2000-09-25 GD-R Page

    References

    1. http://www.ebworld.com/ebx/categories/homepages/dreamcast.asp (Wayback Machine: 2000-11-10 12:57)
    2. Press release: 2000-07-17: ACTIVISION FIRES UP HOLIDAY SEASON WITH A SIZZLING GAME LINEUP FOR THE ENTIRE FAMILY
    3. http://www.chipsworld.co.uk/detProd.asp?ProductCode=3339 (Wayback Machine: 2001-04-27 19:09)
    4. http://amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/tg/stores/feature/feature/-/videogames/50781 (Wayback Machine: 2001-02-11 06:17)
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 DC-UK, "January 2001" (UK; 2000-12-14), page 50
    6. Dreamcast Magazine, "No. 15" (UK; 2000-11-02), page 10
    7. Official Dreamcast Magazine, "January 2001" (UK; 2000-11-30), page 11
    8. http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000505AA (Wayback Machine: 2004-03-15 12:33)
    9. http://www.micromania.fr/zooms/?ref=17422 (Wayback Machine: 2002-12-26 10:57)
    10. http://www.amazon.fr:80/exec/obidos/tg/browse/-/557784/ref=vg_brbx_c_2_1/t/ (Wayback Machine: 2001-07-15 10:59)
    11. http://www.centromail.es/top/ficha.asp?codmail=16245&codprov= (Wayback Machine: 2001-09-17 09:31)
    12. http://www.gameswarehouse.com.au/longpage.asp?gameid=4773 (Wayback Machine: 2002-03-21 11:31)
    13. File:THPS2 DC US Manual.pdf, page 21
    14. File:THPS2 DC US Manual.pdf, page 24
    15. 576 Konzol, "Január 2001" (HU; 2001-xx-xx), page 43
    16. Click!, "25-26/2000" (PL; 2000-12-07), page 22
    17. Consoles +, "Décembre 2000" (FR; 2000-1x-xx), page 122
    18. Dreamcast Monthly, "January 2001" (UK; 2000-12-21), page 78
    19. Dreamcast Magazine, "No. 17" (UK; 2000-12-28), page 44
    20. Electronic Gaming Monthly, "January 2001" (US; 2000-12-05), page 199
    21. Fun Generation, "12/2000" (DE; 2000-11-22), page 40
    22. GameFan, "Volume 8, Issue 12: December 2000" (US; 2000-1x-xx), page 26
    23. GamePro, "January 2001" (US; 200x-xx-xx), page 100
    24. Gamers' Republic, "December 2000" (US; 2000-xx-xx), page 79
    25. MAN!AC, "01/2000" (DE; 2000-12-06), page 67
    26. Neo Plus, "Grudzień 2000" (PL; 2000-xx-xx), page 42
    27. Official Dreamcast Magazine, "January 2001" (UK; 2000-11-30), page 10
    28. Official Dreamcast Magazine, "Holiday 2000" (US; 2000-11-28), page 80
    29. Playbox, "Décembre 2000" (FR; 2000-1x-xx), page 44
    30. Play, "Lipiec 2001" (PL; 2001-xx-xx), page 37
    31. Play, "Sierpień 2001" (PL; 2001-xx-xx), page 18
    32. PSX Extreme, "03/2001" (PL; 2001-0x-xx), page 39
    33. Revista Oficial Dreamcast, "Febrero 2001" (ES; 2001-xx-xx), page 33
    34. SuperGamePower, "Janeiro 2001" (BR; 200x-xx-xx), page 32
    35. Strana Igr, "Noyabr 2000 1/2" (RU; 2000-xx-xx), page 52
    36. Video Games, "01/2001" (DE; 2000-12-06), page 82


    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2

    THPS2 title.png

    Main page | Comparisons | Hidden content | Magazine articles | Reception | Bootlegs


    Books: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 Official Strategy Guide (2000)
    Sega Dreamcast
    Prototypes: 2000-09-25



    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater games for Sega systems
    Tony Hawk's Pro Skater (2000) | Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2 (2000) | Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 (unreleased)