Sega Hikaru

Sega Hikaru
Manufacturer: Sega
Release Date RRP Code

The Sega Hikaru is a successor of the NAOMI (and Sega Model 3) hardware that was developed in 1998 and debuted in 1999. The Hikaru was used for a handful of deluxe dedicated-cabinet games, beginning with 1999's Brave Fire Fighters, in which the flame and water effects were largely a showpiece for the hardware.

It was significantly more powerful and expensive than the NAOMI. The Hikaru featured a custom Sega GPU with advanced graphical capabilities, additional CPU and sound processors, various custom processors, increased memory, and faster bandwidth. It was the first game platform capable of effective hardware Phong shading and was capable of the most complex lighting and particle effects of its time.

It was the most powerful game system of its time, but very expensive. Since it was comparatively expensive to produce, Sega soon abandoned the Hikaru in favor of continued NAOMI development. It was succeeded by the NAOMI 2, which was not as powerful, but more affordable.

Development

According to Sega in 1999:

“	Brave Firefighters utilizes a slightly modified Naomi Hardware system called Hikaru. Hikaru incorporates a custom Sega graphics chip and possesses larger memory capacity then standard Naomi systems. "These modifications were necessary because in Brave Firefighters, our engineers were faced with the daunting challenge of creating 3d images of flames and sprayed water," stated Sega's Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Barbara Joyiens. "If you stop and think about it, both have an almost infinite number of shapes, sizes, colors, levels of opaqueness, shadings and shadows. And, when you combine the two by simulating the spraying of water on a flame, you create an entirely different set of challenges for our game designers and engineers to overcome; challenges that would be extremely difficult, if not impossible to overcome utilizing existing 3D computers. Hikaru has the horsepower to handle these demanding graphic challenges with clarity, depth and precision."	„

In addition, the Hikaru also uses two Hitachi SH-4 CPU processors, two Yamaha AICA sound engine processors, a Motorola 68000 network CPU, and a dual GPU setup. The Hikaru hardware was largely complete in 1998, before it was released to the public in 1999.

Specifications

• Board composition: Main Board, ROM Board, AICA Sound Board, I/O Board, Filter Board, Network Board
  • Optional: Sound Board 2
• Operating systems:
  • Sega native operating system
  • Custom Windows CE, with DirectX 6.0, Direct3D and OpenGL support
• Extensions: communication, 4‑channel surround audio, PCI, MIDI, RS‑232C
• Connection: JAMMA Video compliant, VGA

Main Processors

• Main CPU: 2× Hitachi SH‑4 @ 200 MHz
  • Features: 2× 128‑bit SIMD @ 200 MHz, 2× floating‑point units, graphic functions
  • Bus width: 128‑bit (64‑bit per SH‑4)
  • SH‑4 performance: 720 MIPS, 2.8 GFLOPS, more than 20 million polygons/sec geometry & lighting calculations
  • Note: With Sega Custom 3D GPU geometry processors, the SH‑4's 128‑bit SIMD matrix unit can be dedicated to game physics, artificial intelligence, collision detection, overall game code, and/or further enhancing graphics.
• Memory control processors:
  • Memory Control CPU: Zilog Z80 (8/16‑bit instructions, 8‑bit bus)
  • Memory controllers: 2× Sega 315‑6154 Memory Controller @ 133.3 MHz (2× 32‑bit, DMA capabilities)
• Network Board processors:
  • Network CPU: Motorola 68000 @ 40 MHz (16/32‑bit instructions, 16‑bit bus, 7 MIPS)
  • Network PLD: FPGA @ 180 MHz (32‑bit), 3× PAL @ 40 MHz, Sega 315-5804 CPLD @ 40 MHz
  • Network processors: 2× Sega 315-5917 @ 40 MHz
• ROM Board processors:
  • ROM Board PLD: FPGA @ 180 MHz (32‑bit), CPLD/PAL @ 182 MHz (32‑bit)
  • Security IC: Sega 315-5881 @ 28 MHz

Sound

• Sound engine: 2× Yamaha AICA Super Intelligent Sound Processor @ 67 MHz
  • Internal CPU: 2× 32‑bit ARM7 RISC CPU @ 45 MHz
  • CPU performance: 34 MIPS (2× 17 MIPS)
  • PCM/ADPCM: 16‑bit depth, 48 kHz sampling rate (DVD quality), 128 channels
  • Bus width: 32‑bit (2× 16‑bit)
  • Other features: DSP, sound synthesizer

Graphics

• Graphics Engine GPU: Sega Custom 3D GPU @ 250 MHz
  • Processor cores: 15 processors (including 2 GPU Command Processors, 2 GPU DMA controllers, 2 Image Generator rasterizers/renderers)
    • 2× Sega PAL (Lattice GAL16V8) GAL @ 250 MHz (128‑bit, DMA control, graphics processing)
    • 2× Sega GPU Command Processors (315‑6083A & 315‑6087) @ 250 MHz (64‑bit)
    • Sega 315‑6146 @ 250 MHz
    • Sega 315‑6202 (Lattice CY37128) CPLD @ 167 MHz (416‑bit internal, 128‑bit external)
    • Sega 315‑6085, 315‑6086, 315‑6232, 2× 315‑6084, 2× 315‑6197 @ 133.3 MHz
    • 2× Video DAC: 2× Analog Devices ADV7120 @ 80 MHz (48‑bit)
  • Bus width: 720‑bit internal, 400‑bit external
  • Geometry Processors: 2× Sega GPU Command Processors (64‑bit)
    • Hardware T&L: Transform, clipping, lighting
    • Materials: Flat shading, Gouraud shading, Phong shading, diffuse, ambient, specular, unlit
    • Fog: Color, transparency, density, depth blend, translucency
    • Rendering: Double‑buffered 3D rendering (odd & even frames), depth cueing, depth buffer, depth bias, face culling, static meshes, dynamic meshes
    • Shading: Flat shading, Gouraud shading, Phong shading, diffuse, ambient, specular, linear
    • Modelview matrix: Instanced drawing
  • DMA controllers: 2× Sega GPU DMA controllers (64‑bit)
    • GPU IDMA (Indirect DMA) controller: Loads texture data from Mask ROM (via external bus) into texture banks (with metadata), allows CPU access to texture banks
    • DMA controller: Moves textures around in framebuffer, transfers bitmap data to bitmap layers, allows CPU access to framebuffer
  • Lighting: 1024 lights per scene, 4 lights per polygon, 256 light sets per scene (4 lights per set), 8 window surfaces
    • Light types: Diffuse, ambient, specular, horizontal, spot
    • Emission types: Constant, linear, infinite linear, square, reciprocal, reciprocal squared
    • Object types: Lights (with individual position, direction and emission properties), lightsets (a set of up to 4 lights that share a mesh)
  • Framebuffer: 2048×2048 sheet (can be partitioned into framebuffer, tile data, and/or 1‑2 bitmap layers)
  • Texture banks: 2 texture banks (stored as 2× 2048×1024 sheets), stores textures from Mask ROM (with 16‑byte metadata per texture in Command Processor RAM), 16×16 to 512×512 texture sizes, multi-texturing, 13 textures per pass (at 640×480 resolution), textures can include mipmap trees
  • Other effects: Stencil, shadows, motion blur, particle effects, fire effects, water effects, bump mapping, fog, alpha blending, MIP mapping, trilinear filtering, anti-aliasing, environment mapping, specular effects
  • Other capabilities: 2 bitmap layers, calendar
• Color depth: 32‑bit ARGB, 16,777,216 colors (24‑bit color) with 8‑bit (256 levels) alpha blending, YUV and RGB color space, color key overlay
• Display resolution: 31 kHz horizontal sync, 60 Hz refresh rate, 80 MHz Video DAC, JAMMA/VGA output, progressive scan
  • Single monitor display: 496×384 to 800×608 (default 640×480)
  • Dual monitor display: 992×384 to 1600×608 (default 1280×480)
  • Video output: 496×384 to 1968×1080 (default 640×480)
  • Framebuffer: 496×384 to 2048×2048 (default 2048×2048)
• Objects processed per frame: 8 viewports, 256 modelviews, 16,384 materials (256 LOD levels), 16,384 textures/texheads (256 LOD levels), 1024 lights (256 light sets), 16,384 vertices per mesh
• Geometric performance:
  • 154 million polygons/sec (10.5 GB/sec, 68 bytes per polygon)
  • 94 million textured polygons/sec (112 bytes per polygon)
• Floating‑point performance: 22 GFLOPS (1.4 GFLOPS per 10 million polygons)
• Fillrate:
  • Rendering: 6 billion pixels/sec (opaque polygons), over 2 billion pixels/sec (translucent polygons)
  • Textures: Over 2 billion texels/sec

Memory

• Memory: Up to 462.41 MB (130 MB main, 284 MB video, 48 MB sound, 416 KB other)
• RAM: 108.3125 MB
  • Main RAM: 64 MB SDRAM (32 MB per SH‑4)
  • VRAM: 28 MB (26 MB SDRAM, 2 MB SRAM)
    • 8 MB framebuffer, 8 MB texture banks, 4 MB Command Processor, 1 MB Geometry Processor, 1 MB Image Generator, 6 MB other VRAM
  • Sound RAM: 16 MB SDRAM (8 MB per AICA)
  • Backup RAM: 64 KB SRAM
  • Network Board RAM: 192 KB SRAM
  • ROM Board RAM: 64 KB SRAM
• ROM: Up to 354 MB
  • Boot ROM: 2 MB EPROM
  • Game ROM Board: Up to 352 MB (64 MB main ROM, 256 MB video Mask ROM, 32 MB sound ROM)
  • Note: High‑speed access allows ROM to effectively be used as RAM, with polygons and textures streamed directly from game ROM Board.
• SH‑4 CPU cache: 96 KB (48 KB per SH‑4)

Bandwidth

• Internal processor bandwidth: 25 GB/sec
  • SH‑4 cache: 3.2 GB/sec (128‑bit, 200 MHz)
  • Sega Custom 3D GPU: 17.5 GB/sec (720‑bit)
    • GAL: 4 GB/sec (128‑bit, 250 MHz)
    • Main Board CPLD: 9 GB/sec (416‑bit, 167 MHz)
    • Command Processors: 2 GB/sec (64‑bit, 250 MHz)
    • DMA controllers: 1.1 GB/sec (64‑bit, 133.3 MHz)
    • Video DAC: 480 MB/sec (48‑bit, 80 MHz)
    • 315‑6146: 250 MB/sec (250 MHz)
    • Other processors: 667 MB/sec (5× 133.3 MHz)
  • AICA Sound Processor: 268 MB/sec (32‑bit, 67 MHz)
  • ROM Board processors: 1.5 GB/sec
    • ROM Board PLD: 1.45 GB/sec (2× 32‑bit, 180/182 MHz)
    • 315-5881: 28 MB/sec (28 MHz)
  • Network Board: 1 GB/sec
    • 68000: 80 MB/sec (16‑bit, 40 MHz)
    • FPGA: 720 MB/sec (32‑bit, 180 MHz)
    • Other Network Board processors: 200 MB/sec (5× 40 MHz)
  • 315‑6154 Memory Controllers: 1.1 GB/sec (64‑bit, 133.3 MHz)
• RAM/ROM memory bandwidth: 16.1 GB/sec
  • Main memory: 3.9 GB/sec (2.4 GB/sec Main RAM, 1.5 GB/sec ROM)
  • Video memory: 10.5 GB/sec (9 GB/sec VRAM, 1.5 GB/sec ROM)
  • Sound memory: 268 MB/sec
• RAM bandwidth: 12.1 GB/sec
  • Main RAM: 2.4 GB/sec (192‑bit, 100 MHz, 6 ns)
    • SH‑4: 1.6 GB/sec (128‑bit)
    • Memory Controllers: 800 MB/sec (64‑bit)
  • VRAM: 9 GB/sec (400‑bit, 200 MHz, 4.5 ns)
    • HY57V161610 SDRAM: 7.2 GB/sec (288‑bit, 200 MHz, 4.5 ns)
    • K4S641632 SDRAM: 1.33 GB/sec (64‑bit, 166 MHz, 5.5 ns)
    • UPD432232 Synchronous SRAM: 400 MB/sec (32‑bit, 100 MHz, 5 ns)
    • HM62256 SRAM: 44.444444 MB/sec (16‑bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns)
  • Sound RAM: 268 MB/sec (2× 16‑bit, 67 MHz, 6 ns)
  • Backup RAM: 44.444444 MB/sec (16‑bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns)
  • Network Board RAM: 133.333333 MB/sec (48‑bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns)
  • ROM Board RAM: 250 MB/sec (16‑bit, 125 MHz, 8 ns)
• ROM bandwidth: 4 GB/sec
  • Boot ROM: 800 MB/sec (64‑bit, 100 MHz)
  • ROM Board PLD: 1.45 GB/sec (2× 32‑bit, 180/182 MHz)
  • ROM Board Connectors: 1.5 GB/sec (2× 32‑bit, 182 MHz)

Hardware Images

• 

  Main PCB board

• 

  Sound board

• 

  Comm board

• 

  ROM board (left side)

• 

  ROM board (right side)

• 

  Main board (Up Left view)

• 

  Main board (Up Right view)

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  Main board (Down Left view)

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  Main board (Down Right view)

• 

  Custom board A

• 

  Custom board B

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  Outer Case

• 

  Inside, assembled

List of Games

• Brave FireFighters (1999)
• NASCAR Arcade (2000)
• Planet Harriers (2000)
• Star Wars Racer Arcade (2000)
• Air Trix (2001)
• Cyber Troopers Virtual-On Force (2001)
• Cyber Troopers Virtual-On Force Ver.7.7 (2002)

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS